The Netherlands, often called Holland, is famous for its flat landscape, extensive canal systems, and vibrant tulip fields. It has a long history of trade, exploration, and innovation, having been a maritime power in the 17th century. The Dutch are pioneers in water management, using dikes and pumps to reclaim land from the sea. Amsterdam, the capital, is known for its artistic heritage, liberal culture, and historic architecture. The country is also a global leader in sustainable agriculture and cycling infrastructure, with more bikes than people.

 

Fun fact: The Netherlands has over 1,000 windmills, many of which are still operational and part of its historic water control system.